Biotin-labeled samples were hybridized onto the strain 17 microarray at 45°C for 16-20

h using NimbleGen’s Hybriwheel Hybridization chambers (NimbleGen Systems Inc.). To compare gene expression profiles of strain 17 in solid and liquid culture conditions, seed cultures of strain 17 were newly prepared as described above. Five ml of this seed culture was transferred to enriched-TSB (500 ml) and 200 μl of the seed cultures was transferred to each of 50 BAPs. Both cultures were incubated for 12 h anaerobically. Total RNA was isolated from the liquid cultures as described above. Two hundred μl of PBS was added to BAPs to harvest growing cells using cell scrapers (IWAKI). Cell suspensions were washed Bafilomycin A1 chemical structure twice with PBS and total RNA was isolated as described above. Microarray image acquisitions and data analyses Hybridized-microarray slides containing technical duplicates were imaged with a high resolution array scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner, Molecular Devices Corp., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and the fluorescent signal intensities from each spot were quantified using NimbleScan Software (NimbleGen Systems Inc.). Normalization was performed among four microarray hybridization data sets by means of Robust Multi-chip analysis algorithm [63] and statistical analyses were performed using t-test and Bonferroni adjustment in the Roche-NimbleGen

Microarray soft wears (Roche Diagnostics, Tokyo, Japan). When the individual probes met the criteria that the average signals from the culture of biofilm-positive strain versus the CDK activity average signals from biofilm-negative strain were different by at least twofold with statistic significance, probes selected were used to find up-regulated regions. Pertinent information on raw data containing experimental designs and hybridization results for specific oligonucleotide sets is available in CIBEX database [17]. Quantitative real-time

RT-PCR To confirm the up-regulation of several genes in strain 17 recorded by the microarray, a real-time RT-PCR strategy was employed. Twelve hours cultures of strains 17 and 17-2 were prepared again and total RNA was isolated Axenfeld syndrome as described above. Real-time RT-PCR was performed according to the one-step RT-PCR protocol of iScript™ One-Step RT-PCR Kit with SYBR® Green (BIO-RAD Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan). Briefly, 50 ng of total RNA, 200 nM of forward and reverse primers for a target gene, and 25 μl of SYBR® Green RT-PCR Reaction Mix (BIO-RAD Laboratories) were added into a PCR tube containing one μl of iScript Reverse Transcriptase for One-Step RT-PCR. The PCR preparation was brought to a final volume of 50 μl with nuclease-free water (BIO-RAD Laboratories). As an internal control, RT-PCR for 16S rRNA was performed at 50°C for 10 min, 95°C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles at 95°C for 10 sec and 64°C for 30 sec followed by melt curve analysis.

Phys Rev 1954, 94:511–525. 10.1103/PhysRev.94.511CrossRef 14. Peter V: Heat transfer augmentation in nanofluids via nanofins. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011, 6:154–166. 10.1186/1556-276X-6-154 3211205 21711695CrossRef 15. Succi S: Applied

lattice Boltzmann method for transport phenomena, momentum, heat and mass transfer. Can J Chem Eng 2007, 85:946–947.CrossRef 16. Zou Q, He X: On pressure and velocity boundary conditions for the lattice Boltzmann BGK model. Phys Fluids 1997, 9:1591–1598. 10.1063/1.869307CrossRef 17. He Y, Qi C, Hu Y, Qin B, Li F, Ding Y: Lattice Boltzmann simulation of alumina-water nanofluid in a square cavity. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011, 6:184–191. 10.1186/1556-276X-6-184 3247306 21711683CrossRef 18. Brinkman HC: The viscosity of concentrated suspensions and solution. J Chem GSK1120212 mw Phys 1952, 20:571–581. 10.1063/1.1700493CrossRef 19. Patel HE, Sundararajan T, Pradeep T, Dasgupta A, Dasgupta N, Das SK: A micro-convection model for thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Pramana J Phys 2005, 65:863–869. 10.1007/BF02704086CrossRef 20. Kays WM, Crawford ME, Weigand B: Convective Heat and Capmatinib Mass Transfer. 4th edition. Boston: McGraw Hill; 2005. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions MK, LJ, and SS conceived the study and checked the grammar of the manuscript. NACS and AND drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Review

Introduction One-dimensional nanomaterials have been reported plentifully, owing to its fascinating characteristics. One-dimensional nanomaterials, as an important member of the nanomaterial family, have been widely applied in the formation of a nanodevice. In recent years, several research

have reported on various one-dimensional nanomaterial-based nanodevices, including field effect transistors (FETs) [1–4], nanogenerators [5], and solar cells [6]. Compared with conventional devices, nanodevices based on one-dimensional nanomaterials have certain characteristics, including superspeed, superhigh frequency; high integration density; and low power consumption. These characteristics Edoxaban impel one-dimensional nanomaterial-based nanodevices to be a vast potential prospect for future development in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. All of these embody the excellent properties of one-dimensional nanomaterials. As two-dimensional nanomaterials, thin film materials also have special properties like quantum effect and broadened bandgap. Compared with thin film materials, one-dimensional nanomaterials have a more obvious quantum effect, higher surface energy, and larger surface activity. Nanowires/nanotubes/nanobelts as quasi-one-dimensional nanostructure are ideal building blocks for nanoscale devices. With the advent of modern times, higher performance devices are desired. In order to get more high-performance devices, the pivotal problem is how to get better quality materials.

Our results define roles for SigE in B. bronchiseptica that are only partially overlapping with those for σE in find protocol other pathogens. SigE was important for survival of B. bronchiseptica in the face of both global stresses to the cell envelope caused by heat shock, exposure to ethanol and detergent, and specific stresses caused by several beta-lactam antibiotics (Figure 2). Heat shock, ethanol, and detergent are classical stressors used in the laboratory to mimic conditions that lead to unfolded proteins and disrupted lipids during infection and in the

environment. In contrast to the B. cenocepacia and S. Typhimurium proteins, B. bronchiseptica SigE was not required for survival during osmotic stress [6, 36]. SigE was also not required for response to oxidative stress or the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B, unlike the S. Typhimurium σE ortholog [6, 29]. The variations among bacteria in their use of σE systems likely reflect both differences in stresses encountered in environmental reservoirs and in particular host tissues during infection, as well as differences in the arrays of additional cellular stress responses possessed by each species. These other responses can act along

with or in place of σE. The presence of other stress responses may be particularly pertinent to Entospletinib in vivo B. bronchiseptica. Its genome is predicted to encode six related ECF Baricitinib sigma factors of unknown function in addition to SigE [24] that may have complimentary and redundant functions with SigE. Future studies defining conditions that activate other ECF sigma factors and their roles in B. bronchiseptica pathogenesis will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how B. bronchiseptica copes with extracytoplasmic stress. Stress response systems, like the σE system, rapidly induce the expression of specialized sets of genes. These systems are often tightly regulated and expressed only when needed, because inappropriate expression of their regulons can interfere with

other important cellular functions [8, 56, 57]. We found that SigE was not required for colonization and persistence of RB50 within the respiratory tract of an immunocompetent host (Figure 3), the primary niche of B. bronchiseptica. This result suggests that the pathogen does not encounter stresses in the respiratory tract that require a response by the SigE system. However, B. bronchiseptica encounters different challenges during infection in Rag1−/− mice lacking B and T cells. In these mice, the infection spreads to the bloodstream, which is under greater immune surveillance and has a different arsenal of antimicrobial factors to attack invaders than the respiratory tract.

On the other hand, they reported that increased intracellular glucose-derived metabolites inhibit enzymes for β-oxidation, leading to cytosolic accumulation of lipids [37]. Subsequently, there have been several reports about the molecular mechanism underlying glucolipotoxicity involved in pancreatic β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance [38–40]. Furthermore, phenomena of glucolipotoxicity are also observed in DN of humans [1–4] and rodents [41, 42], but their pathophysiology remains largely unknown [8]. Here,

we will compare glucolipotoxicity upon pancreatic β cell dysfunction and DN. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) JNK plays a pivotal role in ER stress-induced ‘unfolded protein response’ in innate immune system [43]. It was later revealed that ER stress-induced JNK activation is associated with chronic inflammation or high ambient fatty HSP990 acid

levels in obesity or type 2 diabetes [44, 45]. In pancreatic β-cells, high glucose concentrations augment lipotoxicity through JNK activation, at least partly, in an ER stress-dependent manner [46, 47]. In our diabetic-hyperlipidemic model [5], treatment see more with STZ and HFD synergistically increases phosphorylation of IκB and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the kidney, in parallel with phosphorylation of JNK, but not with phosphorylation of other mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases such as p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Western blot analysis for phosphorylation of MAP kinases and IκB in kidney of STZ + HFD mice. p-/t-p38 Tenoxicam phosphorylated/total p38 MAP kinase, p/tERK

phosphorylated/total extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p/tJNK phosphorylated/total c-Jun N-terminal kinase, pIκB phosphorylated inhibitor of κB. Modified from Kuwabara and others [5] CCAAT element binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) CCAAT element binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is one of the transcriptional repressors of insulin gene and induced by chronic hyperglycemia [48]. C/EBPβ is increased by fatty acids through the Per-Arnt-Sim kinase (PASK) pathway [49] in pancreatic β cells. Since PASK is also induced by high glucose conditions, these mechanisms may possibly exert glucolipotoxic effects. In the kidney, C/EBPβ is increased in diabetic rats, but not other C/EBP isoforms [50]. Furthermore, renal upregulation of C/EBPβ mRNA in STZ-induced diabetic mice is further enhanced by additional HFD feeding in our experiments [5]. Of note, JNK/AP-1 and C/EBPβ pathways may also contribute to glucolipotoxicity-induced renal damage through upregulation of myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8, also known as S100A8 or calgranulin A), whose gene promoter region contains AP-1 binding site [51, 52] and C/EBP motif [53, 54], as discussed in the next section.

5 mg/L); ceftiofur, XNL (R > 2 mg/L); chloramphenicol, CHL (R > 16 mg/L); ciprofloxacin, CIP (R > 0.064 mg/L); colistin COL (R > 2 mg/L); florfenicol, FFN (R > 16 mg/L); gentamicin, GEN (R > 2 mg/L); nalidixic acid, NAL (R > 16 mg/L); neomycin, NEO (R > 4 mg/L); spectinomycin, SPT (R ≥ 64 mg/L); streptomycin, STR (R > 16 mg/L); sulphamethoxazole, SMX (R ≥ 256 mg/L); tetracycline, TET

(R > 8 mg/L); and trimethoprim, TMP (R > 2 mg/L). Epidemiological cut-off values were interpreted according to current EUCAST (http://​www.​eucast.​org) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendations. Exceptions were made for interpretation of AMC, SMX, and SPT, where Clinical and Laboratory SCH772984 cost Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and clinical breakpoints were used [11–13]. Due to the absence of some epidemiological cut-off values in the EUCAST system and clinical breakpoints from CLSI, exceptions were made for the interpretation of APR MIC values which were interpreted according to research results from DTU. Quality control using E. coli ATCC 25922 was conducted according to CLSI [12, 13]. Phage typing Phage typing ABT-263 nmr was performed at the National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada using the Enteritidis phage typing scheme provided

by the Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, UK. This phage-typing scheme is composed of 17 Salmonella serovar Enteritidis specific phages. Isolates with lytic patterns that did not match standard Dimethyl sulfoxide phage lytic profiles were assigned an atypical phage type [14]. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis PFGE was performed at DTU-Food using XbaI and BnlI macrorestriction enzymes (Fermentas, Glen Burnie, Maryland, United States) according to the CDC PulseNet protocol [15]. The patterns were compared to the PulseNet USA database and named following the standardized PulseNet USA pattern naming scheme [16]. The electrophoresis was performed with a CHEF DR III System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) using 1% SeaKem Gold agarose

in 0.5× Tris-borate-EDTA. Running conditions consisted of increasing pulse times of 2.2 – 63.8 s for 20 h at 6 V/cm on a 120 deg. angle in 14°C TBE buffer. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis MLVA was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States of America by following the standardized PulseNet USA protocol for Salmonella serovar Enteritidis (Laboratory standard operating procedure for PulseNet MLVA of Salmonellas serovar Enteritis – Beckman Coulter 8000 platform. Accessed at: http://​www.​pulsenetinternat​ional.​org and Laboratory standard operating procedure for analysis of MLVA data of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis in BioNumerics – Beckman Coulter 8000 data. Accessed at: http://​www.​pulsenetinternat​ional.​org) Analysis of the composite data set Analysis of PFGE data was performed at CDC. Comparisons were performed using Bionumerics software version 5.

Phys Rev 2010,B81(15):155413–1-155413–6. 19. Weber JW, Calado VE, van de Sanden MCM: Optical constants of graphene measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Appl Phys Lett 2010,97(9):091904–1-091904–3.CrossRef 20. Miyajima Y, Henley SJ, Adamopoulos G, Stolojan V, Garcia-Caurel E, Drévillon B, Shannon JM, Silva SRP: Pulsed laser deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon with high sp 3 fractions and low optical bandgaps. J Appl Phys 2009,105(7):073521–1-073521–8.CrossRef 21. Grigonis A, Rutkuniene Z, Medvid A, Onufrijevs P, Babonas J: Modification of amorphous a-C:H films by laser irradiation. Lithuanian J Phys 2007,47(3):343–350.CrossRef 22. Evtukh AA, Staurosporine supplier Klyui MI, Krushins’ka LA, Kurapov YA, Litovchenko

VG, Luk’yanov AM, Movchan BO, Semenenko MO: Emission properties of structured carbon films. Ukr J Phys 2008,53(2):177–184.

23. Marsh H: Introduction to Carbon Science. London: Butterworths; 1989. 24. Nan HY, Ni ZH, Wang J, Zafar Z, Shi ZX, Wang YY: The thermal stability of graphene in air investigated by Raman spectroscopy. J Raman Spectr 2013,44(7):1018–1021.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions The idea of the study was conceived by VSK and MVS. VSK designed the deposition setup and conducted the growth of the films. VVS and ASN performed micro-Raman characterization. GPO conducted the ellipsometry measurements. VVV and VVS carried out XPS experiments. MVS interpreted the BIBW2992 solubility dmso experiments and wrote this manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The selective removal of 137Cs ions from liquid radioactive waste and their quantitative determination in the environment have a great importance in recent years. Insoluble divalent transition metal Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase hexacyanoferrates(II) are very effective inorganic adsorbents for cesium ions [1]. Because they possess a high selectivity for Cs binding in the presence of alkaline earth and alkali metal ions, several attempts have been made to use

hexacyanoferrates (HCFs) for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste with high salt content [2, 3]. However, HCFs are usually synthesized as fine or ultrafine grains which are difficult for practical applications due to their low mechanical stability and tendency to become colloidal in aqueous solution. In order to improve their mechanical properties, deposition of insoluble hexacyanoferrates on various solid supports has been suggested as a possible solution. Different composite adsorbents were fabricated by loading nanosized HCFs onto the surface or inside of pores of inert solid supports such as silica gels [4], zeolites [5], zirconium and titanium hydroxides [6], different organic ion exchangers [7, 8], etc. Fibrous natural and synthetic polymers with ion exchange groups are promising host solid support for the synthesis of composite adsorbent with nanosized HCFs.

For a material to be a good thermoelectric cooler, it must have a high thermoelectric figure of merit ZT. Much of the recent work on thermoelectric materials has focused on the ability of heterostructures and quantum confinement to increase efficiency over bulk materials

[5–7]. So far, the thermoelectrical materials used in applications have all been in bulk (3D) and thin film (2D) forms. However, Hicks et al. had pointed out that low-dimensional materials (for example 1D for nanowires) have better efficiency than bulk and thin film forms due to low-dimensional effects on both charge carriers and lattice waves [8]. However, since the 1960s, only slow progress has been XMU-MP-1 supplier made in enhancing ZT [9], either in BiSbTe-based alloys or in other thermoelectric material. The validity of attaining higher ZT value in low dimension systems has been experimentally demonstrated on Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices [10] and on PbTe/PbSeTe quantum dots [2] with ZT of approximately 2.4 and 1.6, respectively, at 300 K. Therefore, nanowires are potentially good thermoelectrical systems for application. In the past, electrochemical deposition was a useful method to deposit the materials in different morphologies, including thin films and nanowires [11]. The successfully practical applications of the nanostructured

thermoelectric devices must investigate a cost-effective and high-throughput fabrication process. In the past, many various techniques,

C646 including chemical vapor deposition Adenosine triphosphate [10], molecular beam epitaxy [12], vapor-liquid-solid growth process [13], and hydrothermal process [14], had been applied to synthesize nanowire-, nanotube-, or thin film-structured thermoelectric materials. Compared to those methods, electrodeposition is one the most cost-effective techniques to fabricate the nanostructured materials [15]. In this study, commercial honeycomb structure anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotube arrays were used as the templates, and the cyclic voltammetry process was used as the method to deposit the (Bi,Sb)2 – x Te3 + x -based thermoelectric nanowires. At first, potentiostatic deposition process and two different electrolyte formulas were used to find the effects of ionic concentrations on the composition fluctuation of the deposited (Bi,Sb)2 – x Te3 + x materials. After finding the better deposition parameters, AAO thin films with a nanotube structure were used a template to fabricate the (Bi,Sb)2 – x Te3 + x nanowires by means of the pulse deposition process. We would show that the (Bi,Sb)2 – x Te3 + x nanowires with (Bi + Sb)/Te atomic ratio close to 2/3 could be successfully grown. Methods For the AAO templates, an annealed high-purity (99.99%) aluminum foil was electropolished in a mixture of HClO4 (25% in volume ratio) and C2H5OH (75%) until the root mean square surface roughness of a typical 10 μm × 10 μm area was 1 nm.

Figure 2 Current–voltage characteristics of Ge sample and plot of d (V) / d

(ln J ) and H (J). I-V characteristics (curve 1) before and after irradiation (curve 2) by Nd:YAG laser at intensity I = 1.15 https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-38.html MW/cm2 and wavelength λ = 266 nm. (1, A) Plot of d(V) / d(ln J) and H(J) depending on current density J according to [21]. Figure 3 AFM image of irradiated semiconductor surfaces. 3D AFM image of Ge surface irradiated by Nd:YAG laser at intensity 7.0 MW/cm2. Figure 4 Dynamics of nanocones formation by laser radiation in intrinsic semiconductors. (1–8) Schematic images of dynamics of nanocones formation by laser radiation in intrinsic semiconductors. Microcones It is known that microcones of Si can absorb more than 95% of incident light [22] because in array of microcones, light is repeatedly reflected between the microcones and is absorbed almost completely, and a single Si crystal check details reflects visible light by 30% [23]. The microstructured surface is completely black to the naked eye (see Figure 5). Therefore, Si with microcones is known as black Si [24]. Black Si is an excellent material for solar cells [22]. Solar cells with microcones

are proved to be more efficient, generating more current than the conventional one. Also, black Si can be used to make infrared detectors, which is a new application for Si [24]. Figure 5 A photo of real sample of Ni/Si structure after irradiation by Nd:YAG laser. A photo of real sample of Ni/Si structure after irradiation by Nd:YAG laser. The black areas contain microcones formed by laser radiation. The surface microstructuring of ordinary Si by pulsed femtosecond laser-induced plasma

[25, 26] or chemical vapor deposition with catalytic metal on Si [27] is used for black Si formation. We proposed a new laser method, which is simpler and cheaper comparison with above-mentioned methods [11]. In our experiments, after Ni/Si structure irradiation by Nd:YAG laser, various degrees of damage are observed on the surface of the Ni/Si, such as the appearance of cracks and formation of small Cepharanthine (several microns) Ni islands, as shown in Figure 6a. The Nd:YAG laser intensity threshold, at which the self-organization of cone-like microstructures with the size of 3.15 MW/cm2, was observed on the surface of Ni/Si layer system. The further increase of the laser intensity and number of pulses lead to the formation of cone-like microstructures and maximal height of the cone of about 100 μm. The control of the microcone shape and height was achieved by changing the intensity of laser radiation and a number of pulses (Figure 6b,c) [11]. Figure 6 SEM images of Ni/Si surface irradiated by Nd:YAG laser. SEM images of Ni/Si surface irradiated by Nd:YAG laser at intensity 4.5 MW/cm2: 3 laser pulses per point (a), 10 laser pulses per point (b), and 22 laser pulses per point (c).

Nano Lett 2009, 9:1839–1843.CrossRef 24. Kang H, Park J, Choi T, Jung H, Lee KH, Im S, Kim H: N-ZnO:N/p-Si nanowire photodiode prepared by atomic layer deposition. Appl Phys Lett 2012, 100:041117.CrossRef 25. Song HS, Zhang WJ, Cheng C, Tang YB, Luo LB, Chen X, Luan CY, Meng XM, Zapien JA, Wang

N, Lee Defactinib in vitro CS, Bello I, Lee ST: Controllable fabrication of three-dimensional radial ZnO nanowire/silicon microrod hybrid architectures. Cryst Growth Des 2011, 11:147–153.CrossRef 26. Sun K, Jing Y, Park N, Li C, Bando Y, Wang D: Solution synthesis of large-scale, high-sensitivity ZnO/Si hierarchical nanoheterostructure photodetectors. J Am Chem Soc 2010, 132:15465–15467.CrossRef 27. Baek SH, Kim SB, Shih JK, Kim JH: Preparation of hybrid silicon wire and planar solar cells having ZnO antireflection coating by all-solution processes. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 2012, 96:251–256.CrossRef 28. Hochbaum AI, Chen R, Delgado RD, Liang

W, Garnett EC, Najarian M, Majumdar A, Yang P: Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires. Nature 2008, 451:163–167.CrossRef 29. Li X: Metal assisted chemical etching for high aspect ratio nanostructures: A review of characteristics and applications in photovoltaics. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 2012, 16:71–81.CrossRef 30. Tsakalakos L, Balch J, Fronheiser J, Shih M, LeBoeuf SF, Pietrzykowski M, Codella PJ, Korevaar BA, Selleckchem MDV3100 Sulima O, Rand J, Davuluru A, Rapol U: Strong broadband optical absorption in silicon nanowire films. J Nanophotonics 2007, 1:013552.CrossRef 31. Chong SK, Goh BT, Apanut Z, Muhamad MR, Dee CF, Rahman SA: Synthesis of

indium-catalyzed Si nanowires by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. Silibinin Mater Lett 2011, 65:2452–2454.CrossRef 32. Zhu Z, Chen T, Gu Y, Warren J, Osgood RM Jr: Zinc oxide nanowires grown by vapor-phase transport using selected metal catalysts: a comparative study. Chem Mater 2005, 17:4227–4234.CrossRef 33. Chong SK, Goh BT, Apanut Z, Muhamad MR, Dee CF, Rahman SA: Effect of rf power on the growth of silicon nanowires by hot-wire assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HW-PECVD) technique. Thin Solid Films 2011, 519:4933–4939.CrossRef 34. Chong SK, Goh BT, Apanut Z, Muhamad MR, Dee CF, Rahman SA: Radial growth of slanting-columnar nanocrystalline Si on Si nanowires. Chem Phys Lett 2011, 515:68–71.CrossRef 35. Chong SK, Goh BT, Dee CF, Rahman SA: Study on the role of filament temperature on growth of indium-catalyzed silicon nanowires by the hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique. Mater Chem Phys 2012, 135:635–643.CrossRef 36. Chong SK, Goh BT, Dee CF, Rahman SA: Effect of substrate to filament distance on formation and photoluminescence properties of indium catalyzed silicon nanowires using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. Thin Solid Films 2013, 529:153–158.CrossRef 37.

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