(C) 2008 Elsevier B V All rights reserved “
“The tumor necr

(C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) consists of more than 20 members that can modulate cellular and immunological functions, including cell survival and the stimulation of an inflammatory response. ARS-1620 cell line Many TNF superfamily members display potent anticancer activity when used as recombinant proteins in vitro and in vivo. While TNF, TRAIL and FasL have already been used as payloads in antibodybased

pharmacodelivery strategies, most TNF superfamily members have not yet been investigated as antibody payloads. Here, we report the cloning, production and characterization of eight novel antibody fusion proteins based on CD4OL, FasL, TRAIL, LiGHT, VEGI, lymphotoxin alpha, lymphotoxin beta and lymphotoxin alphal /beta2. The monoclonal antibody F8 was chosen as fusion partner of proven tumor targeting performance, which recognizes the alternatively-spliced EDA domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis. A quantitative biodistribution analysis performed with radioiodinated protein preparations in tumor-bearing mice revealed that TRAIL and lymphotoxin

alphal /beta2 were able to selectively accumulate at the tumor site, while all other members of the TNF superfamily abrogated find more the selective tumor targeting performance of the parental antibody or accumulated also in healthy tissues. The study indicates that even cytokines, which are closely related in terms of structure and function, may have a substantially different impact on the biodistribution and functional selleck chemicals properties of the corresponding fusions with disease-homing antibodies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Our study objective was to describe the frequency, indications, and outcomes after inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement in a population-based sample of residents of the Worcester, Massachusetts, metropolitan area who had been diagnosed as having acute venous thromboembolism

(VTE) in 1999, 2001, and 2003.\n\nMethods: A retrospective chart review of inpatient and outpatient medical records was conducted. Recorded indication(s) for IVC filter placement was determined among a subset of cases from 3 Worcester tertiary care hospitals. Three thrombosis specialists assessed the appropriateness of IVC filter placement.\n\nResults: Of 1547 greater Worcester residents with validated acute VTE and without a prior IVC filter, 203 (13.1%) had an IVC filter placed after acute VTE. Patients with an IVC filter were older, had more comorbidities, and had a higher mortality rate during 3 years of follow-up. There was unanimous agreement by panel members that the use of an IVC filter was appropriate in 51% of cases and inappropriate in 26% of cases, with no consensus in the remaining 23%.\n\nConclusions: In this community-based study, IVC filters were frequently used in the treatment of patients with acute VIE.

CONCLUSIONS The interocular similarities may explain the bet

\n\nCONCLUSIONS. The interocular similarities may explain the better visual resolution selleck chemicals llc in the half-binocular condition than in the dichoptic condition for all age groups tested. The results suggest that interocular interactions underpinning resolution acuity under these viewing conditions are developed in early childhood. The foveal crowding effect was found to be apparent at the beginning of school age, and diminished with maturation. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011; 52: 9452-9456) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8148″
“During translation initiation in eukaryotes, the small

ribosomal subunit binds messenger RNA at the 5′ end and scans in the 5′ to 3′ direction to locate the initiation codon, form the 80S initiation complex and start protein synthesis. This simple, yet intricate, process is guided by multiple initiation factors. Here we determine the structures of three complexes of the small ribosomal subunit that represent distinct steps in mammalian translation initiation. These structures reveal the locations of eIF1, eIF1A, mRNA and initiator Caspase cleavage transfer

RNA bound to the small ribosomal subunit and provide insights into the details of translation initiation specific to eukaryotes. Conformational changes associated with the captured functional states reveal the dynamics of the interactions in the P site of the ribosome. These results have functional implications for the mechanism of mRNA scanning.”
“Angiogenesis takes place after brain ischaemia, and stroke-induced angiogenesis in ischaemic brain may be associated with improved neurological recovery. Bone MSCs (marrow stromal cells) transplantation can promote this vital angiogenesis in ischaemic zones, but the mechanisms by which MSCs promoting angiogenesis are unclear. The Notch signalling pathway may play an important role in embryonic blood vessels development and tumour angiogenesis, but whether it is also involved in angiogenesis after cerebral ischaemia is uncertain. We therefore investigated the Notch signalling pathway in angiogenesis after stroke. Rats were subjected to MCAo (middle cerebral artery occlusion)

and treated MX69 chemical structure intravenously with or without MSCs at 24 h after injury. On day 1, 3 and 7 after treatment with MSCs or PBS, immunofluorescent staining, Western blot and RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) assays were carried out to evaluate angiogenesis, and expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and Notch signals in the ischaemic cortex. Immunofluorescent showed a significant increase in both new microvessels, VEGF-positive cells and Notch1-positive microvessels in the ischaemic cortex in MSCs-treated group. RT-PCR indicated that MSC transplantation significantly raised VEGF mRNA and Hes1 mRNA levels in the ischaemic cortex. The data suggest that treatment with MSCs enhances stroke-induced angiogenesis in ischaemic brain, and that the Notch signalling pathway is involved.

The following parameters were recorded: difficulty of cannulation

The following parameters were recorded: difficulty of cannulation and difficulty of ECRP procedure, time needed to visualize the papilla, time needed to achieve opacification and cannulation, exam duration, episodes of tachy/bradycardia and desaturation, episodes

of duodenoscope displacement into the stomach, and complications.\n\nResults: Ninety-eight patients underwent ERCP for benign buy ASP2215 disease and 22 for malignant biliary strictures. The ERCP success rate was 98.3% in the tutor group and 43.3% in the trainee group. No significant differences were found between the two groups of operators (tutors and trainees) in the recorded parameters and complication rates encountered in prone versus supine patients.\n\nConclusion: Our results show that ERCP success rates and complications (intraoperative and postoperative) are similar whether ERCP is performed with the patient prone or supine, even when operators are of differing skill levels. Training, technique, and a proper learning phase selleck inhibitor are

recommended in order to perform ERCP with no differences whether the patient is prone or supine.”
“Voluntary contraction of a muscle generates electromyographic (EMG) activity in the homologous muscle on the opposite side (mirror-like activity), not only in pathological states and in infants but also in healthy adults. Few studies have examined whether the cutaneous reflexes during the preparatory period of a reaction time task are affected by mirror-like activity. In the present study, we investigated the modulation of the cutaneous reflexes in the left first interosseous (FDI) muscle in 9 healthy subjects while they performed a quick abduction of the right index finger during a reaction time task. Cutaneous reflexes were elicited by applying non-noxious electrical stimulation

to the left index finger. We found that mirror-like activity occurred in the left FDI at approximately the onset of EMG activity in the right FDI. The excitatory selleck chemicals E2 component was selectively increased at similar to 75 ms after the “Go” signal, which corresponded to the onset of mirror-like activity. The inhibitory I2 (similar to 90 ms) component was tuned consistently into excitation after the “Go” signal. These findings suggest that long latency reflexes, possibly transcortical cutaneous reflexes, are finely tuned in relation to mirror-like activity.”
“Background: Federally Qualified Health Centers are expanding to increase access for millions of more Americans with a goal of doubling capacity to serve 40 million people. Health centers provide a lot of behavioral health services but many have difficulty accessing mental health and substance use professionals for their patients.

Our results showed that Emodin treatment prolonged liver allograf

Our results showed that Emodin treatment prolonged liver allograft survival time LY411575 manufacturer and inhibited histopathologic changes of acute graft rejection. The rejection activity index in groups isograft+NS, allograft+NS, and allograft+emodin were 1.52 +/- 0.37, 6.95 +/- 0.75, and 4.23 +/- 0.51, respectively (P < 0.01, isograft+NS group vs. allograft+emodin group and allograft+NS group vs. allograft+emodin group). The serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-alpha were down-regulated but that of IL-10 was up-regulated by Emodin.

Serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-alpha were higher in allograft+NS group than the allograft+emodin group, but that of IL-10 showed opposite effects (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Changes in the expression of these cytokines in transplanted liver tissue were consistent with changes in serum concentrations. These results demonstrate that Emodin has therapeutic potentials for alleviating acute rejection following liver transplantation in rats and prolonging liver allograft survival. The mechanisms underlying this effect may be associated with polarizing the Th1/Th2 paradigm to Th2. Anat Rec, 294:445-452, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Platelet

microparticles (pMPs) are small membrane-coated vesicles that are released from the plasma membrane S63845 mouse upon platelet activation. In the joint fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pMP can interact with and activate fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which are important effector cells that mediate both immune activation and joint destruction. The signaling process by which engagement of glycoprotein VI (GPVI), a surface glycoprotein receptor for collagen which is expressed on platelets, triggers pMP generation is poorly understood, but has been suggested to involve Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), best known as an upstream activator of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) in B cells. In this study, we showed that activation of human platelets triggered by convulxin or collagen, specific ligands for GPVI receptor, or alternatively by antibody-mediated cross-linking of another platelet receptor, C type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC2), resulted

in phosphorylation of BTK and downstream effector, phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLC gamma 2). A potent and selective BTK inhibitor, RN486, inhibited BGJ398 inhibitor GPVI- or CLEC2-mediated PLC gamma 2 phosphorylation and pMP production in a dose-dependent manner. BTK is also an essential effector of B cell receptor (BCR)-induced B cell signaling. Consistent with the biology, the IC(50)s of BTK inhibitors with varying potencies in a BCR-dependent B cell activation marker assay correlated with those in the GPVI-mediated PLC gamma 2 phosphorylation. In a co-culture system consisting of human primary synovial FLS and activated human platelets, convulxin stimulation resulted in elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, an effect which was dose-dependently blocked by RN486.

The incidence decreased over time from 5 5/1000 in 2001 to 4 0/10

The incidence decreased over time from 5.5/1000 in 2001 to 4.0/1000 in 2009. The rate ratio for boys was 1.94 times greater than for girls (p<0.001), and it varied significantly between health

board areas (0.68 in Dumfries and Galloway and 1.76 in Grampian) (p<0.001). There was a significant association between facial injury and increasing deprivation (p<0.001). The incidence of facial injury is highest among boys living in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation so education and resources should be directed towards prevention in these areas. (C) 2012 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The ventral stream of the human extrastriate visual cortex shows a considerable functional heterogeneity MMP inhibitor from early visual processing (posterior) to higher, domain-specific processing (anterior). The fusiform gyrus hosts several of those high-level functional areas. We recently found a subdivision of the posterior fusiform gyrus on the microstructural level, that is, two distinct cytoarchitectonic Vorinostat areas, FG1 and FG2 (Caspers et al., Brain Structure & Function, 2013). To gain a first insight in the function of these two areas, here we studied their behavioral

involvement and coactivation patterns by means of meta-analytic connectivity modeling based on the BrainMap database (), using probabilistic maps of these areas as seed regions. The coactivation patterns of the areas support the concept of a common involvement in a core network subserving different cognitive tasks, that is, object recognition, visual language perception, or visual attention. In addition, the analysis supports the previous cytoarchitectonic parcellation, indicating that FG1 appears as

a transitional area between early and higher visual cortex and FG2 as a higher-order one. The latter area is furthermore lateralized, as it shows strong relations to the visual language processing system in the left hemisphere, while its right side is stronger associated with face selective regions. These findings indicate that functional lateralization of area FG2 relies on a different pattern of connectivity rather than side-specific cytoarchitectonic features. Hum Brain Mapp learn more 35:2754-2767, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“BackgroundIt is controversial whether autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with higher frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, retrospective study. PTCs were compared to benign nodules regarding the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis over 16 years. ResultsA similar proportion of autoimmune thyroiditis was observed in both benign and/or malignant nodules. Mean nodule size in cases with autoimmune thyroiditis was smaller than those without autoimmune thyroiditis. Multivariate analysis showed a negative association between the coexistence of autoimmune thyroiditis and lymph node and/or distant metastases.

The results support the hypothesised own-price and cross-price ef

The results support the hypothesised own-price and cross-price effects, showing that DRGs which share similar resources appear to be complements rather substitutes. For-profit hospitals do not appear to be more responsive to DRG profitability, possibly because of their institutional characteristics and bonds with local communities. The key conclusion is that DRG-based payments will encourage a type of ‘product-range’

specialisation, which may improve hospital efficiency in the long GW786034 research buy run. However, further research is needed on how changes in output mix impact patient access and pay-outs of health insurance. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) represents one of the most severe infectious diseases of the central nervous system. As effective antiviral drugs are available, early rapid 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and reliable diagnosis has become important. The objective of the present study was to develop a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

protocol for herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen detection by assessing the usefulness of hyperimmune sera isolated from HSV-seropositive patients. A total of 52 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 62 serum samples of HSE patients and non-HSE persons were analyzed. An in-house ELISA protocol utilizing hyperimmune sera was developed for HSV antigen detection. To improve the specificity of the method, protein A was incorporated into the protocol for ELISA. The sensitivity (70% and 90%) of antigen detection was high in CSF and serum samples, respectively, of confirmed HSE patients. However, lower specificity (52.3% and 42.3%), respectively, was obtained, which was improved

by using protein A in the ELISA protocol. The modification in the method yielded good sensitivity (80% and 70%) and specificity (85.7% and 88.4%) of HSV antigen detection in the CSF and sera, respectively, of the HSE and non-HSE groups. The ELISA method utilizing hyperimmune sera along with protein A for HSV antigen detection yielded good sensitivity and specificity in both CSF and www.selleckchem.com/products/birinapant-tl32711.html sera, and hence can be useful for the diagnosis of HSE.”
“Purpose: To develop a flexible pencil beam algorithm for helium ion beam therapy. Dose distributions were calculated using the newly developed pencil beam algorithm and validated using Monte Carlo (MC) methods.\n\nMethods: The algorithm was based on the established theory of fluence weighted elemental pencil beam (PB) kernels. Using a new real-time splitting approach, a minimization routine selects the optimal shape for each sub-beam. Dose depositions along the beam path were determined using a look-up table (LUT). Data for LUT generation were derived from MC simulations in water using GATE 6.1. For materials other than water, dose depositions were calculated by the algorithm using water-equivalent depth scaling.

8 nmol/l, +/- standard error of mean (SEM) 106 2)

8 nmol/l, +/- standard error of mean (SEM) 106.2) GSK1838705A purchase to d 6 (mean 68.9 nmol/l, +/- SEM 46.4). In patients not treated with Drotrecogin-alpha (activated) there was no significant

(p = 0.96) decrease of neopterin levels from d 1 mean 147.8 nmol/l, +/- SEM 58.4) to d 6 (mean 139.7 nmol/l, +/- SEM 52.6). Furthermore, neopterin levels showed significant correlations with bilirubin in all patient groups on d 1 of severe sepsis (range of correlation coefficient, r : 0.69-0.88; p < 0.05). Neopterin levels correlated significantly with creatinine with regard to all patient groups (range of correlation coefficient, r: 0.73-0.92; p < 0.05). In conclusion, Drotrecogin-alpha (activated) was associated with a significant decrease of neopterin plasma levels in septic patients. Neopterin CP-456773 Sodium concentrations appear to depend on renal function and enterohepatic circulation.”
“Significant hypercalcaemia can cause electrocardiogram (ECG) changes mimicking an acute myocardial infarction. It is important to recognise that some ECG changes

are due to conditions other than cardiac disease so that appropriate treatment is given, and importantly, inappropriate treatments are avoided.”
“Human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be readily harvested from bone marrow through aspiration. MSC are involved in tissue regeneration and repair, particularly in wound healing. Due to their high self-renewal capacity and excellent differentiation potential in vitro, MSC are ideally suited for regenerative medicine. The complex interactions of MSC with their environment and their influence on the molecular and functional levels are widely studied but not completely understood. MSC secrete, for example, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), whose concentration is enhanced in wounded

areas and which is shown to act as a chemoattractant for MSC. We produced HGF-loaded biomaterials based on collagen and fibrin gels to develop a recruitment system for endogenous MSC to improve wound healing. Here, we report that HGF incorporated into collagen or fibrin gels BYL719 solubility dmso leads to enhanced and directed MSC migration in vitro. HGF-loaded biomaterials might be potentially used as in vivo wound dressings to recruit endogenous MSC from tissue-specific niches towards the wounded area. This novel approach may help to reduce costly multistep procedures of cell isolation, in vitro culture, and transplantation usually used in tissue engineering.”
“Background: We aimed to detect CD40 mutant expression and evaluate its clinical significance in gastric cancer. Methods: CD40 mutant expression in 78 cases of gastric cancer tissues, 10 cases of normal gastric tissues, and 10 cases of gastric adenoma tissues by immunohistochemical test. Survival analyses were also performed. Results: The positive CD40 mutant rate in gastric cancer was 55.1% (43/78). No positive CD40 mutant staining was observed in the normal gastric tissue or the gastric adenoma.

8 +/- 2 5% confined to a house yard Short-term activity ranges o

8 +/- 2.5% confined to a house yard. Short-term activity ranges of dogs varied from 9.2 to 133.7 ha, with males ranging over significantly larger areas than females. Contacts between Ferroptosis inhibitor clinical trial two or more dogs occurred frequently, with entire females

and neutered males accumulating significantly more contacts than spayed females or entire males. This indicates that sex and reproductive status are potentially important to epidemiology, but the effect of these differential contact rates on disease transmission requires further investigation. The observed combination of unrestrained dogs and high contact rates suggest that contagious disease would likely spread rapidly through the population. Pro-active management of dog

populations and targeted education programs could help reduce the risks associated with disease spread.”
“A highly efficient and regioselective halogenation reaction of unsymmetrical pyridine N-oxide under mild conditions is described. The methodology provides a practical access to various 2-halo-substituted pyridines, which are pharmaceutically important intermediates.”
“Approximately 1 in 10 primary care patients has major depressive disorder, and its presence is associated with poor health outcomes in numerous medical conditions. Using the case of Mr J, high throughput screening a 52-year-old man with depressive symptoms and several comorbid medical conditions, diagnosis and treatment of depression are discussed. Specific topics include evidence regarding appropriate depression screening and diagnosis, the importance of team-based care, patient self-management, exercise, structured psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, monitoring of therapy, and indications for referral. JAMA. 2012;307(17):1848-1857

www.jama.com”
“The production of acidic alpha-amylase by a novel acidophilic bacterium Bacillus acidicola TSAS1 was optimized in submerged fermentation using statistical approaches. The process parameters that significantly affected alpha-amylase production (starch, K2HPO4, inoculum SC79 purchase size and temperature) were identified by Plackett and Burman design. The optimum levels of the significant variables as determined using central composite design of response surface methodology are starch (2.75%), K2HPO4 (0.01%), inoculum size [2% (v/v) containing 1.9 x 10(8) CFU ml(-1)], and temperature (33 degrees C). An overall 2.4 and 2.9-fold increase in enzyme production has been attained in batch and fed-batch fermentations in the laboratory fermentor, respectively. (C) 2011, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.”
“Inappropriate or excessive activation of ionotropic receptors can have dramatic consequences for neuronal function and, in many instances, leads to cell death. In Caenorhabditis elegans, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits are highly expressed in a neural circuit that controls movement.

This traffic-shaping effect of network coding can be readily appl

This traffic-shaping effect of network coding can be readily applied to cognitive radio networks. In particular, we develop adaptive spectrum sensing for secondary users (SUs) to exploit the induced predictability in primary user channels with network-coded transmissions and show that the throughput of SUs is significantly improved. On the other hand, we caution

that the predictable structure of network-coded transmissions also makes wireless channels more susceptible to jamming attacks. Our results lead to a new understanding of network coding as a spectrum shaper and reveal the inherent tradeoffs between the throughput and security objectives resulting from the spectrum predictability induced by network coding.”
“Foraging distance is a key determinant of colony survival and pollination potential BEZ235 molecular weight in bumblebees Bombus spp. However this aspect of bumblebee ecology is poorly Fer-1 molecular weight understood because of the difficulty

in locating colonies of these central place foragers. Here, we used a combination of molecular microsatellite analyses, remote sensing and spatial analyses using kernel density estimates to estimate nest location and foraging distances for a large number of wild colonies of two species, and related these to the distribution of foraging habitats across an experimentally manipulated landscape. Mean foraging distances were 755 m for Bombus lapidarius and 775 m for B. pascuorum (using our most conservative estimation method). Colony-specific foraging distances of both species varied with landscape structure, decreasing as the proportion of foraging habitats increased. This is the first time that foraging distance

in wild bumblebees has been shown to vary with resource availability. Our method offers a means of estimating foraging distances selleck in social insects, and informs the scale of management required to conserve bumblebee populations and enhance their pollination services across different landscapes.”
“Introduction Up to half of all children presenung to Nutrition Rehabilitation Units (NRUs) in Malawi with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are infected with HIV There are many similarities in the clinical presentation of SAM and HIV. to improve case management. This study aims to identify features suggestive of HIV in children with SAM\n\nMethods All 1024 children admitted to the Blantyre NRU between July 2006 and March 2007 had demographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics documented on admission. HIV status was known for 904 children, with 445 (43%) seropositive and 459 (45%) seronegative Features associated with HIV were determined\n\nResults Associations were found for the following signs: chronic ear discharge (OR 14.6, 95% 5 8-36 7), lymphadenopathy (6.4, 3.5-11 7), Clubbing (4.9, 2.6-9.4), maraSMILIS (4 9, 3.56.8), hepato-splenomegally (3.2, 1.8-5.6), and oral candida (2.4, 1 8-3 27). Any one of these signs was present in 74% of the HIV seropositive, and 38% of HIV uninfected children.

(C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc “
“Relapse has become the major

(C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Relapse has become the major selleckchem cause of treatment failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Outcome of patients with clinical relapse after transplantation generally remains poor, but intervention prior to florid relapse improves outcome for certain hematologic malignancies. To detect early relapse or minimal residual disease, sensitive methods such as molecular genetics, tumor-specific molecular primers, fluorescein in situ hybridization, and multiparameter flow cytometry

(MFC) are commonly used after allogeneic stem cell transplantation to monitor patients, but not all of them are included in the commonly employed disease-specific response criteria. The highest sensitivity and specificity can be achieved by molecular monitoring of tumor- or patient-specific markers measured by polymerase chain reaction-based techniques, but not all diseases have such targets for monitoring. Similar high sensitivity can be achieved by determination of

donor chimerism, but its specificity regarding detection of relapse is low and differs Small molecule library substantially among diseases. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the utilization of such sensitive monitoring techniques based on tumor-specific markers and donor cell chimerism and how these methods might augment the standard definitions of posttransplant remission, persistence, progression, relapse, and the prediction of relapse. Critically important is the need for standardization of the different residual disease techniques and to assess the clinical relevance of minimal residual disease and chimerism surveillance PFTα mouse in individual diseases, which in turn, must be followed by studies to assess the potential impact of specific interventional strategies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 16: 1187-1211(2010) (C) 2010 American Society for Blood and Marrow

Transplantation”
“New crownophane family was synthesized containing fragments of 2,7-dioxyfluorenone and hydroquinone connected with residues of tri- and tetraethylene glycols. The formation of inclusion complexes of these ligands with paraquat was established by means of mass spectrometry (fast-atom bombardment), (1)H NMR and electronic spectroscopy. The crownophane with a larger ring formed the more stable complex.”
“Retroperitoneal hematoma (RH) due to radiologic intervention for an intracranial lesion is relatively rare, difficult to diagnose, and can be life-threatening. We report a case of RH that developed in a patient on anticoagulant therapy following endovascular coiling of a ruptured interior communicating artery (AcoA) aneurysm. An 82-year-old man presented with a 12-day history of headache.