The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to detect global Tofacitinib cost statistically significant differences in the extent of platinum accumulation in the organs and tumors between the four groups. When a significant click here difference was found the Mann-Whitney test was used for 2 × 2 comparisons between groups. A two-tailed P value of\0.05 was considered significant for all tests. Data collection and statistical calculations were performed by SPSS (version 10.0) software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results In vitro accumulation and cytotoxicity of cisplatin on cancer cells A temperature of 42°C was toxic by itself. In comparison with the basal level, the number of residual adherent cells in the wells was reduced after

1 hour incubation at 42°C (decrease

of percentage of 18%, 43%, 51%, and 17% for the PROb, SKOV-3, OVCAR-3, and IGROV-1, respectively). This was not the case after 2 hours of treatment with cisplatin with or without adrenaline at 37°C. Cellular selleck compound platinum concentration was increased by hyperthermia in all cells (Figure 1). Extending the incubation to 2 hours also increased the platinum content in all cell lines, but there was no influence of adrenaline. Figure 1 In vitro platinum accumulation in cancer cells. Cells (1 × 106/well) were seeded in 12-well culture plates for 72 hours then incubated with 30 mg/l cisplatin in serum-free Ham medium. Incubation conditions were: 1 hour at 37°C (a), 1 hour at 42°C (b), and 2 hours at 37°C without (c) or with (d) 2 mg/l adrenaline. Mean and SD of 3 determinations are represented. Sensitivity to cisplatin depended on the cell lines (Figure 2). The most sensitive line was OVCAR-3 (IC 50 less than 2.5 mg/l after 1 hour incubation at 37°C), whereas the least sensitive lines were SKOV-3 and IGROV-1 (IC 50 ranging between 5 and 10 mg/l). The rat PROb cell line had intermediate sensitivity to cisplatin (IC 50 2.5 mg/l). A concentration of 30 mg/l cisplatin was found to be almost complete cytotoxic (≥90%) for all cell lines. This concentration was chosen for the in vivo experiments. The cell toxicity of cisplatin was significantly enhanced by 1

hour of hyperthermia at 42°C for Amine dehydrogenase the resistant SKOV-3 and IGROV-1 cell lines, but not for the sensitive OVCAR-3 and PROb cells. Cisplatin cytotoxicity was also enhanced by extending the incubation time to 2 hours; the improvement in cytotoxicity was of the same order as that achieved by 1 hour of hyperthermia. Figure 2 In vitro cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Cells (5 × 104/well) were seeded in 96-well culture plates for 72 hours, then treated with cisplatin in serum-free Ham medium. Treatment conditions were: 1 hour at 37°C (dark triangles), 1 hour at 42°C (open triangles), 2 hours at 37°C without (dark squares) or with (clear squares) 2 mg/l adrenaline. Mean and SD of 4 determinations of cell survival (percent of control cells) are represented.