The sterilized leaves were further rinsed three times in sterile

The sterilized leaves were further rinsed three times in sterile water. The midribs from the leaf samples were separated and cut into small pieces. Approximately 100 mg of midrib pieces were used from each sample to extract the DNA using the Wizard® genomics DNA PI3K inhibitor purification kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The extracted DNA was suspended in 100 μl H2O. Las infected psyllids (Diaphorina citri) were maintained on confirmed Las-infected sweet orange plants at the CREC, Lake Alfred, FL, USA. In this work,

16 psyllids (around 20 mg) were pooled and the total DNA was extracted using a DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). The extracted DNA was suspended in 100 μl H2O. The quality and quantity of the extracted DNA this website was determined using a NanoDrop™ 1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, DE). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) Gene specific primers were designed using PrimerQuestSM from Integrated DNA technologies (IDT), Coralville, Iowa (Additional file 4: Table S1). PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 chemical structure qRT-PCR experiments were performed using ABI PRISM 7500 FAST Real-time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, US) in a 96-well plate by using an absolute quantification protocol. The reaction mixture in each well contained 12.5 μL 2x FAST SYBR®

Green PCR Master Mix reagent (Applied Biosystems),

2 μL DNA template (~30 ng), 0.625 μL of 10 μM of each gene-specific primer pair in a final volume of 25 μL. The standard thermal profile for all amplifications was followed, which involved 95°C for 20 min followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 3 sec, and 50°C for 30 sec. All assays were performed in triplicates. Melting curve analysis was performed using ABI PRISM 7500 FAST Real-time PCR System Software version SDS v1.4 21 CFR Part 11 Module (Applied Biosystems®) to characterize the amplicons produced in a PCR reaction. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Nelson A. Wulff, Fundecitrus – Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Sao Paulo, GPX6 Brazil, for kindly providing the Lam DNA. DNA samples of fungal pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum KLA-207, Elsinoe fawcettii were kindly provided by Dr. Kuang-Ren Chung. We also thank Vladimir Kolbasov for the technical assistance in DNA isolation. This work was supported by Citrus Research and Development Foundation. Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: PERL script 1 facilitates the similarity search in an automated fashion. This script performs similarity searches against the specified nucleotide sequence database using a stand-alone BLAST program for each of the input gene sequences from the Las genome. (TXT 4 KB) Additional file 2: PERL script 2 facilitates the identification of unique genes to Las.

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