5% Tween

20 and 5% skimmed milk powder) for 1 h at ambient temperature, washed KPT-330 supplier in PBST (PBS plus 0.5% Tween 20; 4 × 10 min) with gentle agitation and probed with the primary antibodies (depleted antisera) in 10 ml PBST (1:1,250) for 16 h at 4°C with gentle agitation. The membranes were then washed four times in PBST and agitated for 1.5 h in secondary antibody solution (HRP conjugated to goat anti-rabbit IgG [Sigma]) (1:30,000). The membranes were washed four times in PBST, rinsed twice in PBS and washed for 10 min in PBS, under gentle agitation. Enhanced chemiluminescent (ECL) reagent was used to develop the membranes and the chemiluminescence was visualised by exposure of Roche Lumi-Film Chemiluminescent Detection Film to the membranes. Putative positive clones were identified on the master plates and each one was transferred to fresh LBKan agar. PCR verification of insert For verification of the presence of cloned DNA, putative positive colonies were used as the template source for a colony PCR and the T7 promoter and T7 terminator primers (Novagen, Notts, U.K.). Thermal cycling conditions using Taq polymerase comprised an initial denaturation of 5 min at 94°C, 35 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 55°C for 30 s, extension at 72°C for 30 s kb-1 product, followed by a Cobimetinib molecular weight final extension at

72°C for 7 min. Secondary screening Putative positive colonies were cultured overnight in BHI Kan (1 ml), at 37°C, without shaking. The cells were harvested by centrifugation at 16,000 g. The supernatant was decanted and the cells resuspended in 20 l BHI Kan. Each suspension was spotted in triplicate (1 μl) onto duplicate nitrocellulose membranes and placed on a BHI Kan agar plate. The plates and membranes were incubated for 3 h at 37°C, the membranes removed and one of the duplicate membranes overlaid onto a LB Kan agar plate supplemented with 0.2% arabinose and 1 mM IPTG while the other membrane was placed onto a LB Kan agar plate. These were incubated for 3 h at

37°C. The membranes were removed from the plates, and placed on chloroform- saturated filter paper for 1 min. Once dry, 1 μl of the lysogen-specific antiserum was spotted onto the bottom of the membrane, as a positive control. Antibody reactivity was determined as described above for primary screening. DNA sequencing Plasmid DNA was sequenced by Tau-protein kinase GATC Biotech (Konstanz, Germany), using the T7 promoter and terminator primers. Sequences were translated using ExPASY’s Translate tool http://​www.​expasy.​ch/​tools/​#proteome. The sequences were aligned to the annotated Φ24B genome [GenBank:HM_208303] and CDS in-frame with the expression vector were documented. qPCR Induction of MC1061(Φ24B) cultures was performed as described above. A 1 ml sample was taken before addition of norfloxacin to the cultures, and further 1 ml aliquots removed at 10-15 min intervals throughout the 60 min recovery time.