arvensis by minimum tillage. The goal was to determine the relationship between soil tillage system and herbicide on wheat, maize and soybean. Except for the soil tillage system, all other variables were held constant for a 3-year crop rotation. The use of minimum tillage systems caused, at the end of a 3 year crop rotation, the increase of the C. arvensis pervasion in all three crops: 11.2-39.1% for soybean, 0.9-4.2% for wheat, and 11.9-24.4% for maize. The occurrence of C. arvensis seeds in the soil increased to 169% under

the disk + rotary harrow minimum tillage system, with 77% of those seeds located in the upper 10 cm of the soil profile. Total weed density was significantly lower under the conventional tillage than under the minimum tillage system. Related to conventional soil tillage system, the productions registered in minimum tillage system represented

HSP990 ic50 selleck chemical 93-99% in wheat, 89-97% in maize and 103-112% in soybean. The main benefit of the conventional tillage is a highly important decline of perennial weeds.”
“Engineered nanoparticles are developed for various applications in industrial, electrical, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical fields due to their unique properties. Nanoparticles such as TiO2 and ZnO are widely used in cosmetics for UV protection. The toxicological investigations of ZnO NPs are highly recommended because of the increasing use in various industrial and consumer products. The toxic potential of ZnO NPs was assumed to be caused by the release of free Zn+ ions in the medium. Many of the in vivo studies suggest the toxic nature of ZnO NPs, the in vitro studies are certainly important to elucidate the mechanism of toxicity. This study examined the toxicity of ZnO

NPs with the average size of 6-8nm on the isolated mice bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The study focuses on the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress-mediated cellular responses upon exposure to ZnO NPs. The results indicated that the exposure to ZnO NPs significantly affects cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to be the mechanism of cellular toxicity. The release of Zn+ PF-00299804 nmr ions from the nanoparticles, due to the instability of ZnO NPs in the acidic compartment of lysosomes, also increases the ROS generation. In addition to increased ROS production, damage of lysosomal membrane and the activation of executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7 were observed, which eventually ends in apoptosis.”
“Poly(etheretherketone) is a rigid semicrystalline thermoplastic that combines excellent mechanical properties, broad chemical resistance, and bone-like stiffness, and is widely used in biomedical fields. However, the hydrophobic bio-inert surface of poly(etheretherketone) tends to hinder its biomedical applications when direct osteointegration between the implants and the host tissue is desired.