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“Background: Group treatment is delivered in youth correctional facilities, yet groups may be iatrogenic. Few measures with demonstrated psychometric properties exist to track behaviors of individuals during groups.

The authors assessed psychometrics for the Group Process-Individual Level measure (GP-IL) of group treatment. Methods: N = 152 teens were randomized to 1 of 2 groups (10 sessions each). Adolescents, counselors, and observers rated teen behaviors at sessions 3 and 10. GP-IL assesses reinforcement for deviancy and positive behaviors, member rejection, and counselor connection and praise. Results: Internal consistency and 1-month stability were demonstrated. Concurrent validity is supported by correlations with measures expected to be associated

with group behavior (e.g., coping skills). Counselors and observers rated more deviancy selleck compound during interactive skills-building groups versus didactic psychoeducational groups (P smaller than = .005). Scales evidenced incremental validity. Conclusions: GP-IL offers a sound method of tracking adolescent behaviors for professionals working with groups. Counselors ratings were most reliable and valid overall.”
“Nuclear factors of activated T-cells (NFATs) are important regulators of the cytokine gene expression in activated T-cells. In the last decade, NFATs have been shown to regulate cell cycle, check details differentiation and apoptosis in cells of various origins revealing their importance for cell homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of NFAT1 on proliferation and differentiation of v-myb-transformed BM2 monoblasts. In contrast to many other leukemic cell lines, BM2 cells do not respond to retinoic acid. However, once overexpressing NFAT1, they became sensitive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The ATRA-treated BM2NFAT1 cells differentiated

along selleck monocyte/macrophage pathway as evidenced by changes in cell morphology, adherence, phagocytic and non-specific esterase activities, reactive oxygen species production, and vimentin expression. Furthermore, overexpressed NFAT1 either alone or in combination with the ATRA-driven signalling pathway deregulated cyclin A and retinoic acid receptor proteins in BM2 cells. Data presented in this study indicate that the NFAT1 and ATRA signalling pathways synergize in control of proliferation and differentiation of BM2 monoblasts. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“We recorded brain activity when 21 subjects judged the beauty (aesthetic or affective judgment) and brightness (perceptual or cognitive judgment) of simultaneously presented paintings.