However, detection of such small beads is often hindered by inductive pick-up and other spurious signals. The present work demonstrates an unambiguous experimental route for detection of small magnetic moments and provides a simple theoretical background for it. The reliability of the method has been tested
for a variety of InSb Hall sensors in the range 600 nm-5 mu m. Complete characterization of empty devices, involving Hall coefficients and noise measurements, has been performed and detection of a single FePt bead with diameter of 140 nm and magnetic moment of mu approximate to 10(8) mu(B) has been achieved with a 600 nm-wide sensor. [doi:10.1063/1.3514097]“
“BACKGROUND: The problem of AMR remains MDV3100 unsolved because standardized schemes for diagnosis and treatment remains contentious. Therefore, a consensus conference was organized to discuss the current status of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplantation.
METHODS: The conference included 83 participants (transplant cardiologists, surgeons, immunologists and pathologists) representing 67 heart transplant centers from North America, Europe, and Asia who all participated in smaller
break-out sessions to discuss the various topics of AMR and attempt to achieve consensus.
RESULTS: A tentative pathology diagnosis of AMR was established, Apoptosis inhibitor however, the pathologist felt that further discussion was needed prior to a formal recommendation for AMR diagnosis. One of the most important outcomes of this conference was that a clinical definition for AMR (cardiac dysfunction and/or circulating donor-specific antibody) was no longer believed to be required due to recent publications demonstrating that asymptomatic (no cardiac dysfunction) biopsy-proven AMR is associated with subsequent greater mortality and greater development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. It was also noted that donor-specific antibody is not always detected
during AMR episodes as the antibody may be adhered to the donor heart. Finally, recommendations were made for the timing for specific staining of endomyocardial biopsy LB-100 cell line specimens and the frequency by which circulating antibodies should be assessed. Recommendations for management and future clinical trials were also provided.
CONCLUSIONS: The AMR Consensus Conference brought together clinicians, pathologists and immunologists to further the understanding of AMR. Progress was made toward a pathology AMR grading scale and consensus was accomplished regarding several clinical issues. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:252-69 (C) 2011 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation All rights reserved.