In fact, the second-best BLASTX hit, after BgP, is to a Eubacterium acidaminophilum FdhC (CAC39240.1) that has been characterized experimentally ( Graentzdoerffer et al., 2003). Formate could serve as an electron donor, carbon substrate, or both. A possible formate dehydrogenase gamma subunit gene (01341_2381) is found in a cluster with other ORFs

variously annotated as formate, thiosulfate, selleckchem and tetrathionite reductase component genes; it is doubtful whether their in vivo roles can be deduced from the sequences alone. Phosphotransferase systems for carbohydrate uptake typically consist of one or two membrane (EIIC/EIID) and one or two cytosolic (EIIA/EIIB) components specific for a given carbohydrate, and two more general cytoplasmic components (EI and HPr), which may be in various combinations of fused and separate proteins (reviewed in Deutscher et al. (2006)). EI is a phosphoenolpyruvate:protein phosphotransferase, and HPr is a phosphocarrier transferring phosphate groups from EI to EIIA. In Gram-negative bacteria, phosphate groups are transferred in a cascade from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the membrane PTS components, and thence to a periplasmic carbohydrate

molecule, concomitant with its uptake. The phosphorylated carbohydrates are typically fed into the glycolysis pathway. PTS genes are also involved in transcriptional regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. eltoprazine Only two sets

Selleck Thiazovivin of putative PTS-related genes have been annotated in the BOGUAY genome. One is related to ascorbate uptake systems, and includes possible EIIA (ulaC, 00136_0633), EI (ptsI, 00136_0635) and HPr (hprK, 00136_0634) genes; the other is related to regulatory systems that are thought to coordinate nitrogen and carbon uptake, and includes putative EIIA (ptsN, 00726_1444) and HPr (hprK, 00726_1445) genes. No membrane-protein genes have been identified for either of these potential PTS systems, however; they may have strictly regulatory (or other) functions, or novel membrane components. The BOGUAY genome encodes a complete glycolytic pathway, and apparently two types of energy-generating electron transport pathways. In addition to the common oxidative phosphorylation pathway, in several possible variants, it possesses two different genes for most components of a putative Rnf complex, a potentially energy-generating ion pump whose detailed function is not yet well understood. This suggests that the BOGUAY strain may be able to access a range of electron donors and acceptors. Details are discussed immediately below. All glycolysis genes seem to be present in the BOGUAY genome (Table S6), with energy-conserving pyrophosphate-consuming enzymes apparently preferred to those hydrolyzing ATP. There are two possible pyrophosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructokinases (PFKs; Fig.