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“In the case of Thymus vulgaris L the effect of different drying techniques (natural way, convective drying at 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C and lyophilization) were investigated on the quantity and quality parameters of the final product analyzed by GC-MS and sensory profile methods. Measured essential oil amounts were between 0.69 ml/100 g and 1.84 ml/100 g calculated on the dry weight basis. The highest drying temperature
(50 degrees C) and lyophilization Selleck LXH254 caused the most considerable essential oil loss; the different primary processing methods also influenced significantly the essential oil composition. Referring to the main essential oil compound – thymol – the ratios varied between 58.57% (detected find more in the samples dried at 30 degrees C) and 71.19% (found in the lyophilized material). Based on the data of the sensory analysis, the preference of the spice was mainly determined by the freshness, ratio of
the purple colour, ratio of 1,8-cineol and thymol; even if the essential oil amount of the spice did not meet the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia. According to our results, sensory analysis data in most of the cases corresponds to the GC-MS measurements and gives a much more complex characterization of a garden thyme spice. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The plants of genus Paris, as important Chinese traditional herbs, have been studied from phytochemicals and pharmacological viewpoints for decades, which resulted in the discovery of scores of secondary metabolites with various kinds of bioactivities. This article summarizes the research progress of the genus Paris in the phytochemical and pharmacological respects.”
“Objective: Jugular bulb (JB) abnormalities such as JB diverticulum and high-riding JBs of the temporal bone can erode into the inner ear and present with hearing loss, vestibular disturbance, and pulsatile tinnitus. Their cause and potential to progress remain to be studied. This comprehensive radiologic study investigates the postnatal development
of the venous system from transverse sinus to internal jugular vein (IJV).
Setting: Academic medical center.
Patients, Selleck SCH772984 Intervention, Main Outcome Measure: Measurements of the transverse and sigmoid sinus, the JB, IJV, and carotid artery were made from computed tomographic scans of the neck with intravenous contrast in infants (n = 5), children (n = 13), adults (n = 35), and the elderly (n = 15).
Results: Jugular bulbs were not detected in patients younger than 2 years, enlarged in adulthood, and remained stable in the elderly. The venous system was larger in men than in women. From transverse sinus to IJV, the greatest variation in size was just proximal and distal to the JB with greater symmetry observed as blood returned to the heart.