purpurea and Cephalaria davisiana) was investigated. The essential oil mixtures were

obtained by steam distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. Twenty-eight components were identified by GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. While total volatile percentages ranged from 68.99% to 84.57%, BLZ945 in vitro the total essential oil yields ranged between 38.15% and 64.05%. Geraniol, -cedrene and p-cymene were determined as the main components. Geraniol was detected as a major component in C. cilicica (14.64%), and -cedrene was detected as a major component with 26.03% for C. lycica, 16.93% for C. scoparia, 13.01% for C. davisiana and 10.94% for C. paphlagonica. Cephalaria scoparia, C. davisiana and C. gazipashensis have considerable amount of p-cymene as 12.86%, 12.70% and 11.16%, respectively. This was the first essential oil report concerning the Cephalaria genus.”
“Background: Drug-related negative outcomes (DNOs) are health problems that patients experience due to drug use or nonuse. Heart failure (HF) patients are at high risk of experiencing DNOs owing to polypharmacy,

comorbidities, and age.

Methods and Results: Ninety-seven consecutive HF patients were enrolled and followed for 6 months. A pharmacist, integrated within a multidisciplinary HF team, reviewed the medication of each patient to detect, resolve, and/or prevent possible DNOs, risks of developing a DNO (rDNOs) and the drug-related problems (DRPs) that are associated with them. We detected 147 DNOs/rDNOs with

a mean of 1.5 +/- 1.4 per patient. Among DNOs, 45% were due to a lack of a pharmacologic treatment (need for a drug) and Selleckchem JNK-IN-8 24% were treatments with an insufficient drug dose (quantitative ineffectiveness). Among rDNOs, 33% were due to use of an unsafe drug (nonquantitative Selleckchem MK 2206 lack of safety) and 30% to quantitative ineffectiveness. Ninety-four percent of DNOs/rDNOs were preventable, and, importantly, 5.5% were classified as clinically serious. During follow-up, pharmacist interventions solved or prevented the health problem in 83% of cases. The most frequently identified DRPs were “”insufficiently treated health problem”" (31%), “”inadequate dose, regimen, or duration of a drug”" (22%), “”probability of adverse effects”" (16%), and “”nonadherence”" (14%). A significant relationship between the number of DNOs/rDNOs and the number of drugs was found (P < .013).

Conclusions: Chronic HF outpatients have a high incidence of preventable DNOs. The inclusion of a pharmacist in multidisciplinary HF teams should be considered, because it is clinically beneficial for patients and it increases HF specialists’ awareness of DNO, especially those beyond HF. (J Cardiac Fail 2011;17:217-223)”
“A comparative first principles study has been carried out for EuLiH(3) (ELH) and EuTiO(3) (ETO) using the generalized gradient approximation +U approach.