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“Resistive switching characteristics of thermally oxidized tungsten thin films and their switching mechanism were investigated, modifying thickness of the active layer (WOx) by varying oxidation conditions. Two types of switching were observed in Pt/WOx/W memory devices. Thinner film (t <= 15 nm) exhibits clockwise switching (CWS) with filamentary characteristics, whereas thicker film (t >= 25 nm) exhibits counter-clockwise switching

(CCWS) with more homogeneous conduction. Both switching modes are highly reliable and show good cycling endurance. The conduction phenomena in two different switching modes were examined. In the case of CWS, the conduction mechanism changes from Schottky emission to ohmic conduction due to the local bypass of Schottky barrier formed at Pt/WOx interface by FRAX597 oxygen vacancies. Contrary to CWS, CCWS showed a completely different conduction mechanism. The high resistance state is dominated by the Schottky emission at low electric field and by Poole-Frenkel

emission at high electric field, whereas the low resistance state exhibits the Schottky emission. Different types of switching behavior might be attributed to the non-homogenous defect distribution across the active layer. A possible conduction sketch for two types switching behaviors is also discussed. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3633227]“
“We describe two patients with medication-resistant nonlesional mesial frontal lobe epilepsy and seizures that manifested with early face wiping prior to other motor phenomena. Ictal www.selleckchem.com/B-Raf.html scalp monitoring either was nonlocalizing or involved the central regions. Intracranial monitoring demonstrated anterior mesial frontal ictal low-voltage gamma activity during the face wiping activity in both patients. Habitual seizures with the same clinical characteristics were induced during extraoperative functional mapping with stimulation of the

same region. Ictal activation of mesial frontal regions can elicit early ictal face wiping activity, and this clinical sign may play a role in presurgical evaluation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Cho HJ, Shin DY, Kim JH, Bae JY, Lee KH, See CJ, Kim N, Park EK, Ra EK, Lee JE, Hong YC, Kim HK, Park SS, Yoon SS, Lee DS, Han KS, Park MH, Park S, selleck inhibitor Kim BK, Kim I. Impact of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on clinical outcomes of HLA-matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ?Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01523.x.(C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: We hypothesized that polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene might affect clinical outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Three VDR gene polymorphisms (BsmI G>A, ApaI G>T, and TaqI T>C) were genotyped in 147 patients who underwent HLA-matched sibling allogeneic HSCT. Frequencies of infection, graft-vs.