The chosen Maxwell model was the best-suited model to describe and explain the recorded impedance

data most consistently for two reasons. The first reason is, it is shown in literature [15, 17] that the Co deposition can occur via at least two reaction pathways. The second reason is that the decoupling of the seven fit parameters vs. time is best for the chosen Maxwell model in comparison to other investigated equivalent circuit models as will be discussed PRIMA-1MET solubility dmso in the following. The time dependence of the deposition voltage U and of the seven fit parameters – the series check details resistance R s, the transfer resistance R p, the corresponding time constant τ p – are depicted in Figure 2a, the Maxwell resistances R a and R b and the corresponding capacities C a and C b in Figure 2b. Figure 2 The time dependence of the deposition voltage and the seven fit parameters. (a)

Deposition voltage U and the series resistance R selleck s, transfer resistance R p, and the corresponding time constant τ p and (b) the Maxwell element with R a, C a, R b, and C b as a function of the deposition time at a constant current density of 12 mA/cm2. The Co deposition voltage U decreases exponentially with time starting from a value of about −1.25 V and reaches a constant deposition voltage of about −1 V after approximately 10.5 min. The series resistance R s increases linearly with the time starting from about 90 Ω going up to about 130 Ω with slight oscillations towards the end. The transfer resistance R p is negative over the entire deposition time. It linearly increases starting from about −25 Ω up to about −35 Ω, reaching a constant level after about 16 min. Similar to the series resistance, also R p shows oscillations towards the end but significantly more pronounced in amplitude. Unlike the R p, the associated process time constant τ p remains constant over the entire deposition time. It also shows higher oscillations towards the end. In the first three minutes, the Maxwell resistance R a decreases linearly from about 18 Ω to about 16 Ω before R a

linearly increases to 18 Ω and saturates after 16 min with pronounced oscillations during the entire time. The associated capacity C Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase a does not exhibit the change in slope after three minutes as observed for R a. It decreases constantly from about 21 μF down to about 15 μF after 15 min before it saturates like R a. The Maxwell resistance R b increases linearly from about 10 Ω up to about 25 Ω. Compared to R a, the oscillations in R b are extremely reduced. The corresponding capacity C b decreases linearly from about 100 μF down to about 50 μF after 10.5 min and decreases further down to about 25 μF with a drastically reduced slope. Similar to C a, C b only shows slight oscillations over the complete deposition time.