The phosphorylation of the motif-containing peptides has been validated by the in vitro kinase assays coupled with MS analysis. The differential regulation of phosphorylation by ethylene is substantiated by Western dot blot analysis. Taken together, these. results suggest that ethylene signals may be transduced by a phosphor-relay from receptors to transcriptional events via both ein2-dependent and -independent pathways.”
“This work takes a simple phenomenological approach to the questions of when, how, and why a brittle polymer glass turns ductile and vice versa. Perceiving a polymer glass as a hybrid, we recognize that both

the primary structure formed by van der Waals forces (network 1) and chain network (i.e., the vitrified entanglement network) (network 2) must be accounted Angiogenesis inhibitor for in any discussion of the mechanical responses. To show the benefit of this viewpoint, we first carried out well-defined melt-stretching experiments on four common polymer glasses (PS, PMMA, SAN, and PC) in a systematic way either at a fixed Hencky strain rate to a given degree of stretching at several temperatures or at a given temperature to different levels of stretching using the same Hencky rate. Then we attempted to preserve the effect of melt-stretching on the chain network structure by rapid thermal quenching. Subsequent room-temperature tensile

extension of these melt-stretched amorphous polymers reveals something universal: (a) along the direction of the melt-stretching, the brittle glasses (PS, PMMA, and SAN) all become completely ductile; (b) perpendicular BYL719 ic50 to the melt-stretching Curaxin 137 HCl direction, the ductile glass (PC) becomes brittle at room temperature. We suggest that the

transformations (from brittle to ductile or ductile to brittle) arise from either geometric condensation or dilation of load bearing strands in the chain network due to the melt-stretching. Regarding a polymer glass as a structural hybrid, we also explored two other cases where the ductile PC becomes brittle at room temperature: (1) upon aging near the glass transition temperature; (2) when blended with PC of sufficiently low molecular weight. These results indicate that (i) the strengthening of the primary structure by aging can raise the failure stress sigma* to a level too high for the chain network to sustain and (ii) the PC blend becomes brittle upon weakening the chain network by dilution with short chains.”
“There continues to remain uncertainty regarding the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs medical therapy in patients with stable angina. We therefore performed a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of patients with stable angina comparing PCI vs medical therapy for each of the following individual outcomes: all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and angina relief.