These profiles are sampled from dune crests, away from high concentrations of animals and without

termite mounds. Given low-density animal grazing is unlikely to contribute consistent spot-scale nitrate over decades, these profiles give an initial estimate of naturally-produced concentrations. This insight is important for the management of the Stampriet Basin and wider Kalahari groundwater. This study expands our knowledge about elevated nitrate in dryland USZs, demonstrating that it can occur as pulses, probably in response to transient vegetation cover and that it is not limited to long-residence time USZs with very limited downward moisture flux (recharge). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The aim of this work is to compare INCB024360 the thinning patterns of the ganglion cell inner-plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) as measured using Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) in patients with visual field (VF) defects that respect AZD9291 datasheet the vertical meridian. Twenty eyes of 11 patients with VF defects that respect the vertical meridian were enrolled retrospectively. The thicknesses

of the macular GCIPL and pRNFL were measured using Cirrus HD-OCT. The 5 and 1 % thinning area index (TAI) was calculated as the proportion of abnormally thin sectors at the 5 and 1 % probability level within the area corresponding to the affected VF. The 5 and 1 % TAI were compared between the GCIPL and pRNFL measurements. The color-coded GCIPL deviation map showed a characteristic vertical thinning pattern of the GCIPL, which is also seen in the VF of patients with brain lesions. The 5 and 1 % TAI were significantly higher in the GCIPL measurements than in the pRNFL measurements (all p smaller than 0.01). Macular GCIPL analysis clearly visualized a characteristic topographic pattern of retinal ganglion cell (RGC)

loss in patients with VF defects that respect the vertical BKM120 cost meridian, unlike pRNFL measurements. Macular GCIPL measurements provide more valuable information than pRNFL measurements for detecting the loss of RGCs in patients with retrograde degeneration of the optic nerve fibers.”
“To evaluate clinical and imaging features of cancer recurrence in reconstructed breasts following skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) or nipple areolar skin-sparing mastectomy (NASSM). This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. In this retrospective study, we included patients with pathologically confirmed recurrent cancer who had transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction after SSM or NASSM and whose follow-up radiological studies were available. Each patient’s demographic data, imaging studies and clinical outcomes were reviewed.