Using the ADHD screening questionnaire, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, we investigated the association between the amount of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in a non-clinical population of healthy students (n=56) and the neural correlates of error processing measured with event-related potentials. We found reduced amplitudes of error-positivity (Pe) with increasing symptoms of inattention, but no correlation with error-related negativity. These results suggest that attention deficits reduce the conscious evaluation of an error as reflected by reduced Pe amplitudes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights
reserved.”
“Anatomical and functional brain studies AG-14699 have converged to the hypothesis that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with atypical connectivity. Using a modified resting-state paradigm to drive subjects’ attention, we provide evidence of a very marked interaction between ASD brain functional connectivity and cognitive state. We show that functional connectivity changes in opposite ways in ASD and typicals as attention shifts from external world towards one’s body generated information. Furthermore, ASD subject alter more markedly than typicals their connectivity across cognitive states. Using differences in brain connectivity across conditions, we ranked brain regions according
to their classification power. Anterior Fedratinib nmr next insula and dorsal-anterior cingulate cortex were the regions that better
characterize ASD differences with typical subjects across conditions, and this effect was modulated by ASD severity. These results pave the path for diagnosis of mental pathologies based on functional brain networks obtained from a library of mental states. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: This study assessed comparative effectiveness of minimally invasive versus traditional sternotomy mitral valve surgery in elderly patients.
Methods: From January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2008, 1005 patients underwent isolated mitral valve surgery at our institution. Patients >= 75-years-old were included in analysis (sternotomy, n = 105; minimally invasive, n 70). Clinical outcomes included bypass and crossclamp time, length of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. To assess resource use, total hospital costs and discharge location were analyzed. Three standardized inpatient functional status outcomes were also assessed.
Results: The minimally invasive approach was associated with a 9.2-minute longer crossclamp time (P = .037) and a 25.2-minute longer bypass time (P <. 001). Minimally invasive surgery was associated with a 3.1-day shorter hospitalization (P = .033). There were no significant differences in rate of major postoperative complications (P = .085) or long-term survival (P = .60).