Based off these results and the composite matrix-fiber structure of cuticle, a pseudo-elastic transversely isotropic

constitutive material model was constructed with circumferential reinforcement realized as a Horgan-Saccomandi strain energy function. This model was then used numerically to describe the anisotropic material properties of Manduca cuticle. The constitutive material model will be used in a detailed finite-element analysis to improve our understanding of the mechanics of caterpillar crawling. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Patients with optic ataxia after lesions of the occipito-parietal cortex demonstrate gross deviations of movements to visual targets in Selleck Cyclopamine their peripheral visual field. When the same patients point to remembered

target locations their accuracy improves considerably. Taking into account opposite findings in a single patient suffering from visual form agnosia due to bilateral occipito-temporal lesions (D.F.), this paradoxical improvement was attributed to brain structures outside the dorsal stream, and supposed to be specifically associated with delayed movement execution. This conclusion was based on the still unverified assumption that the dorsal system is almost completely lacking any localization function in patients with optic ataxia who demonstrate the paradoxical delay effect. We thus investigated brain activity associated

with immediately executed and delayed movements in a patient selleck compound with optic ataxia due to extensive bilateral lesions (I.G.) and in 16 healthy subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Our analysis revealed robust and indistinguishable activation of intact dorsal occipital and parietal areas adjacent to the patient’s lesions for both types of movements. in healthy subjects, we found the same visuomotor network activated during immediate and delayed movements as well as additionally higher signal increases for movements to visible targets than for delayed movements in bilateral occipito-parietal and occipito-temporal areas. Our results suggest that in healthy subjects as well as in the optic ataxia patient I.G. dorsal areas are not only involved in immediate Vitamin B12 but also in delayed reaching. This observation questions the hypothesis that residual visuospatial abilities in patients with optic ataxia could only be mediated by a system outside of the dorsal stream. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The importance of the promoter sequences in the function regulation of several important mycobacterial pathogens creates the necessity to design simple and fast theoretical models that can predict them. This work proposes two DNA promoter QSAR models based on pseudo-folding lattice network (LN) and star-graphs (SG) topological indices.