Consistent with this, we show here that the response to flagellin, an elicitor of basal resistance, is unaltered in srfr1-1. In contrast, resistance to AvrRps4 in srfr1-1 requires EDS1, a central

regulator of effector-triggered immunity via multiple resistance genes. SRFR1 is a single-copy gene encoding a pioneer tetratricopeptide repeat protein conserved click here between plants and animals. The SRFR1 tetratricopeptide repeat domain shows sequence similarity to those of transcriptional repressors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans. Indeed, a sub-pool of SRFR1 transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells localizes to the nucleus. Identification of SRFR1 may therefore provide insight into the regulation of the transcriptional reprogramming that is activated by effector-triggered immunity.”
“Background: Although quetiapine has often been used as monotherapy

or adjunctive therapy in bipolar disorder, there is very limited clinical evidence regarding prescribing practices for quetiapine as maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder.

Methods: We reviewed the inpatient and outpatient records of 175 Chinese patients who received treatment with quetiapine for bipolar disorder both during and following-hospitalization. We compared patients treated with high-dose (>300 mg/day) and low-dose (<= 300 mg/day) quetiapine during the acute treatment phase and in the subsequent VX-689 6 months of maintenance treatment, with assessments at months 1, 3, and 6. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated

with quetiapine dosage.

Results: The proportion of patients receiving combination therapy of quetiapine and a mood stabilizer as acute and maintenance treatment was 99.4% and 84.6%, respectively. The mean dose of quetiapine when used for acute treatment in the 175 patients was Cyclopamine ic50 395.7 mg/day. The following factors were found to be independently associated with use of high-dose quetiapine: male gender (odds ratio [OR] 2.712, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.372-5.362, P < 0.01), a manic or mixed episode (OR 2.786, 95% CI 1.362-5.699, P < 0.01), and psychotic features (OR 2.658, 95% CI 1.318-5.361, P < 0.01). In the subsequent 6 months, the mean dose of quetiapine prescribed steadily decreased to 375.0 mg/day, 330.6 mg/day, and 293.7 mg/day at months 1, 3, and 6. The main factors associated with high-dose quetiapine in maintenance treatment were male gender (month 1, OR 2.761; month 3, OR 2.583; month 6, OR 2.686; P < 0.01) and a manic or mixed episode (month 1, OR 2.626; month 3, OR 2.334; P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Higher doses of quetiapine (>300 mg/day) are more likely to be prescribed to patients who are male, those who are experiencing a manic or mixed episode, and those who have psychotic features during acute treatment of bipolar disorder.