Nomenclature of species followed IPNI (2009). Designation of taxa to families followed Stevens (2001 onwards). Out of 1288 investigated tree individuals, 1238 were identified to species (including 272 individuals of Myrtaceae assigned to morpho-species), 31 to genus level, 10 to family level. Only 9 individuals remained unidentified and were excluded from further analyses. Stand structural analysis Significant differences in individual-based traits (canopy height based on trees ≥20 cm d.b.h., tree height and d.b.h. based on trees ≥10 cm d.b.h.) between selleck chemicals llc the four plots were tested

with the nonparametric Behrens–Fisher test for multiple comparisons (Munzel and Hothorn 2001) and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for the comparison of two samples using the npmc and base packages in the R 2.11.1 software (R Development Core Team 2010). Tree diversity analysis Tree inventory data were analysed for large trees (≥10 cm d.b.h.) and all trees (≥2 cm d.b.h.), and were

related to the size of 1 ha plots. The click here estimation of the AMN-107 manufacturer number of tree species ha−1 involved sample-based rarefaction analysis (MaoTau = expected species accumulation curves, randomised by samples without replacement, 999 Monte Carlo permutations) based on the species recorded in 0.01 ha sub-plots per site, and was computed using EstimateS version 8 (Colwell 2006) followed by regression analysis for the extrapolation to a 1 ha area. On the family level, stem density ha−1 (based on the enumeration of individuals) and basal area ha−1 (based on the d.b.h. measured) were calculated. The family importance value (Mori et al. 1983) was used to assess the contribution of each family to the stand. FIV combines relative richness (number of species), relative density (number of individuals) and relative dominance (basal area) into one value. Similarity of the 4 plots was analysed for the presence/absence data using the VEGDIST and ADONIS functions of the vegan

package in the R software. Families and plots in the FIV table were sorted by indirect gradient analysis (Detrended correspondence analysis, DCA) using the Canoco 4.5 package (ter 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase Braak and Šmilauer 2002). Phytogeographical pattern analysis Phytogeographical pattern analysis followed the division of Malesia into nine major regions (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Lesser Sunda Islands, and Papuasia with New Guinea at its core), supplemented by records from outside Malesia (Indo–China, and Australia including the Oceanic islands), using the phytogeographical concept of regions and their subdivisions of Brummitt (2001). The designation of new records for Sulawesi or Central Sulawesi were based on comparison with the Checklist of woody plants of Sulawesi (Keßler et al. 2002) and Culmsee and Pitopang (2009).