We find consistent in-phase coherencies between

locusts and drought/flood frequencies, and out-of-phase MLN4924 inhibitor coherencies between locusts and temperature and between drought/flood and temperature at period components of 160-170 years. Similar results are obtained when historical data of drought/flood frequencies of the Yangtze Delta region are used, despite flood data showing a weak and somewhat inconsistent association with other factors. We suggest that previously unreported periodic cooling of 160-170-year intervals dominate climatic variability in China through the past millennium, the cooling events promoting locust plagues by enhancing temperature-associated drought/flood events. Our results signify a rare example of possible benign effects of global warming on the regional risk of natural disasters such as flood/drought events and outbreaks of pest insects.”
“We report a case of an 8-month-old child with a primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy arising in the thenar eminence. The lesion recurred after conservative excision and was ultimately nonresponsive to chemotherapy, necessitating partial amputation. The patient remains free of disease

5 years after this radical surgery. This is the 1st report of such a tumor since it was initially described by Alaggio and colleagues in 2006. The pathologic differential diagnosis is discussed.”
“Interactions between organisms are important determinants GS-9973 of species distributions and abundances. Due to the high complexity of interactions between species in natural systems, the outcome of a given interaction can affect others, finally modifying community composition. In South-Western Atlantic intertidal mudflats, the zonation of the burrowin crab Neohelice (Chasmagnathus)

granulate and the intertidal snail Heleobia australis rarely overlaps, suggesting that both species might have negative interactions; and, given that both species have different foraging selleck kinase inhibitor strategies, these negative interactions can have top-down impacts on community composition. Zonation patterns of both species showed that snails are more abundant in areas without crab burrows, and field experiments revealed that snail density correlated with a reduction in crab density and that when crabs were excluded, snails were able to colonize those higher intertidal areas. Bioturbation and not competition seems to drive that pattern, given that crabs have no effects on microalgae, but negatively affect infaunal organisms such as copepods, flagellates, nauplli larvae and snails. Conversely, snails negatively affect algal assemblages, specifically cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, and euglenophytes, although diatoms, the most abundant group, was not modified.